783 research outputs found
Superdiffusion in a class of networks with marginal long-range connections
A class of cubic networks composed of a regular one-dimensional lattice and a
set of long-range links is introduced. Networks parametrized by a positive
integer k are constructed by starting from a one-dimensional lattice and
iteratively connecting each site of degree 2 with a th neighboring site of
degree 2. Specifying the way pairs of sites to be connected are selected,
various random and regular networks are defined, all of which have a power-law
edge-length distribution of the form with the marginal
exponent s=1. In all these networks, lengths of shortest paths grow as a power
of the distance and random walk is super-diffusive. Applying a renormalization
group method, the corresponding shortest-path dimensions and random-walk
dimensions are calculated exactly for k=1 networks and for k=2 regular
networks; in other cases, they are estimated by numerical methods. Although,
s=1 holds for all representatives of this class, the above quantities are found
to depend on the details of the structure of networks controlled by k and other
parameters.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figure
Nonuniversal and anomalous critical behavior of the contact process near an extended defect
We consider the contact process near an extended surface defect, where the
local control parameter deviates from the bulk one by an amount of
, being the distance from the
surface. We concentrate on the marginal situation, , where
is the critical exponent of the spatial correlation length, and
study the local critical properties of the one-dimensional model by Monte Carlo
simulations. The system exhibits a rich surface critical behavior. For weaker
local activation rates, , the phase transition is continuous, having an
order-parameter critical exponent, which varies continuously with . For
stronger local activation rates, , the phase transition is of mixed
order: the surface order parameter is discontinuous, at the same time the
temporal correlation length diverges algebraically as the critical point is
approached, but with different exponents on the two sides of the transition.
The mixed-order transition regime is analogous to that observed recently at a
multiple junction and can be explained by the same type of scaling theory.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figure
Nonequilibrium dynamics of the Ising chain in a fluctuating transverse field
We study nonequilibrium dynamics of the quantum Ising chain at zero
temperature when the transverse field is varied stochastically. In the
equivalent fermion representation, the equation of motion of Majorana operators
is derived in the form of a one-dimensional, continuous-time quantum random
walk with stochastic, time-dependent transition amplitudes. This type of
external noise gives rise to decoherence in the associated quantum walk and the
semiclassical wave-packet generally has a diffusive behavior. As a consequence,
in the quantum Ising chain, the average entanglement entropy grows in time as
and the logarithmic average magnetization decays in the same form. In
the case of a dichotomous noise, when the transverse-field is changed in
discrete time-steps, , there can be excitation modes, for which coherence
is maintained, provided their energy satisfies
with a positive integer . If the dispersion of is quadratic,
the long-time behavior of the entanglement entropy and the logarithmic
magnetization is dominated by these ballistically traveling coherent modes and
both will have a time-dependence.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figure
Metal-rich or misclassified? The case of four RR Lyrae stars
We analysed the light curve of four, apparently extremely metal-rich
fundamental-mode RR Lyrae stars. We identified two stars, MT Tel and ASAS
J091803-3022.6 as RRc (first-overtone) pulsators that were misclassified as
RRab ones in the ASAS survey. In the case of the other two stars, V397 Gem and
ASAS J075127-4136.3, we could not decide conclusively, as they are outliers in
the period-Fourier-coefficient space from the loci of both classes, but their
photometric metallicities also favour the RRc classification.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, published in IBVS:
http://ibvs.konkoly.hu/cgi-bin/IBVS?617
The effect of asymmetric disorder on the diffusion in arbitrary networks
Considering diffusion in the presence of asymmetric disorder, an exact
relationship between the strength of weak disorder and the electric resistance
of the corresponding resistor network is revealed, which is valid in arbitrary
networks. This implies that the dynamics are stable against weak asymmetric
disorder if the resistance exponent of the network is negative. In the
case of , numerical analyses of the mean first-passage time on
various fractal lattices show that the logarithmic scaling of with the
distance , , is a general rule, characterized by a new
dynamical exponent of the underlying lattice.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Percolation theory suggests some general features in range margins across environmental gradients
The margins within the geographic range of species are often specific in
terms of ecological and evolutionary processes, and can strongly influence the
species' reaction to climate change. One of the frequently observed features at
range margins is fragmentation, caused internally by population dynamics or
externally by the limited availability of suitable habitat sites. We study both
causes, and describe the transition from a connected to a fragmented state
across space by means of a gradient metapopulation model. The main features of
our approach are the following. 1) Inhomogeneities can occur at two spatial
scales: there is a broad-scale gradient, which can be patterned by fine-scale
heterogeneities. The latter is implemented by dispersing a variable number of
small obstacles over the terrain, which can be penetrable or unpenetrable by
the spreading species. 2) We study the occupancy of this terrain in a
steady-state on two temporal scales: in snapshots and by long-term averages.
The simulations reveal some general scaling laws that are applicable in various
environments, independently of the mechanism of fragmentation. The edge of the
connected region (the hull) is a fractal with dimension 7/4. Its width and
length changes with the gradient according to universal scaling laws, that are
characteristic for percolation transitions. The results suggest that
percolation theory is a powerful tool for understanding the structure of range
margins in a broad variety of real-life scenarios, including those in which the
environmental gradient is combined with fine-scale heterogeneity. This provides
a new method for comparing the range margins of different species in various
geographic regions, and monitoring range shifts under climate change.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figure
Reducing defect production in random transverse-field Ising chains by inhomogeneous driving fields
In transverse-field Ising models, disorder in the couplings gives rise to a
drastic reduction of the critical energy gap and, accordingly, to an
unfavorable, slower-than-algebraic scaling of the density of defects produced
when the system is driven through its quantum critical point. By applying
Kibble-Zurek theory and numerical calculations, we demonstrate in the
one-dimensional model that the scaling of defect density with annealing time
can be made algebraic by balancing the coupling disorder with suitably chosen
inhomogeneous driving fields. Depending on the tail of the coupling
distribution at zero, balancing can be either perfect, leading to the
well-known inverse-square law of the homogeneous system, or partial, still
resulting in an algebraic decrease but with a smaller, non-universal exponent.
We also study defect production during an environment-temperature quench of the
open variant of the model in which the system is slowly cooled down to its
quantum critical point. According to our scaling and numerical results,
balanced disorder leads again to an algebraic temporal decrease of the defect
density.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure
Anomalous diffusion in disordered multi-channel systems
We study diffusion of a particle in a system composed of K parallel channels,
where the transition rates within the channels are quenched random variables
whereas the inter-channel transition rate v is homogeneous. A variant of the
strong disorder renormalization group method and Monte Carlo simulations are
used. Generally, we observe anomalous diffusion, where the average distance
travelled by the particle, []_{av}, has a power-law time-dependence
[]_{av} ~ t^{\mu_K(v)}, with a diffusion exponent 0 \le \mu_K(v) \le 1.
In the presence of left-right symmetry of the distribution of random rates, the
recurrent point of the multi-channel system is independent of K, and the
diffusion exponent is found to increase with K and decrease with v. In the
absence of this symmetry, the recurrent point may be shifted with K and the
current can be reversed by varying the lane change rate v.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figure
- âŠ